Question 1

The variables necessary to calculate mitral regurgitant (MR) effective orifice area by the proximal isovelocitysurface area (PISA) equation include MR aliasing hemispheric radius, the aliasing velocity, and which otherparameter?

Options :

A : Mitral annular diameter

B : Time velocity integral of pulsed wave at mitral annulus

C : Maximum mitral regurgitant velocity

D : Left ventricular outflow tract diameter

Answer: C

Question 2

Which condition is most plausible based on the finding indicated by the arrow on this image?

Options :

A : Cardiac tamponade

B : Constrictive pericarditis

C : Pulmonary embolism

D : Pulmonary hypertension

Answer: B

Question 3

Which technique best determines a trileaflet aortic valve from a bicuspid aortic valve?

Options :

A : Visualize all three leaflets simultaneously during systole

B : Visualize all three leaflets simultaneously during diastole

C : Use pulsed wave Doppler to demonstrate normal flow velocity

D : Use continuous wave Doppler to demonstrate normal flow velocity

Answer: B

Question 4

Which patient body positioning and respiration technique is optimal for obtaining the subcostal view?

Options :

A : Supine; knees bent and breath inhaled

B : Supine; legs extended and breath exhaled

C : Left lateral decubitus; knees bent and shallow breathing

D : Left lateral decubitus; legs extended and normal breathing

Answer: A

Question 5

How must the sonographer angle the transducer from the apical four-chamber view in order to visualize theaortic valve in the apical five-chamber view?

Options :

A : Anteriorly

B : Posteriorly

C : Medially

D : Laterally

Answer: A