Sara Robinson and Marvin Gardner are considering an opportunity to start their own money management firm. Their conversation leads them to a discussion on establishing a portfolio management process and investment policy statements. Robinson makes the following statements:
Statement 1;
Our only real objective as portfolio managers is to maximize the returns to our clients.
Statement 2:
If we are managing only a fraction of a client's total wealth, it is the client's responsibility, not ours, to determine how their investments are allocated among asset classes.
Statement 3: When developing a client's strategic asset allocation, portfolio managers have to consider capital market expectations. In response, Gardner makes the following statements:
Statement 4: While return maximization is important for a given level of risk, we also need to consider the client's tolerance for risk.
Statement 5: We'll let our clients worry about the tax implications of their investments; our time is better spent on finding undervalued assets.
Statement 6: Since we expect our investor's objectives to be constantly changing, we will need to evaluate their investment policy statements on an annual basis at a minimum.
Robinson wants to focus on younger clientele with the expectation that the new firm will be able to retain the clients for a long time and create long-term profitable relationships. While Gardner felt it was important to develop long-term relationships, he wants to go after older, high-net-worth clients.
Are Statements 2 and 3 correct when considering asset allocation?

Martin Hagemann, CFA, works for a large brokerage firm in Frankfurt, Germany. Hagemann has been hired by Tryssen AG, a global research-based company that is preparing to go public after a long history of operating privately. The need to raise substantial amounts of capital to fund research and development activities is seen as the key motivation for the change in policy. Tryssen is engaged in the discovery, development, manufacture, marketing, and sale of medical products.
Hagemann's first task is to recommend an exchange upon which Tryssen stock can be traded. One possibility is the Deutsche Bourse. The Deutsche Bourse operates primarily as a continuous order-driven system. Another alternative that Tryssen is considering is to list on a different exchange that operates as a price-driven system.
As an alternative, Tryssen may choose to list as an American Depository Receipt (ADR). ADRs are negotiable U .S . securities that usually represent a non-U .S . based company's publicly traded equity. Although typically denominated in U .S . dollars, depository receipts can also be denominated in euros. Depository receipts can be eligible to trade on all U .S . stock exchanges as well as on many European stock exchanges.
The increasing demand for depository receipts is driven by the desire of individual and institutional investors to diversify their portfolios, reduce risk and invest internationally in the most efficient manner possible. While most investors recognize the benefits of global diversification, there are many challenges presented when investing directly in local trading markets. Obstacles can include inefficient trade settlements, uncertain custody services, and costly currency conversions. Depository receipts overcome many of the inherent operational and custodial hurdles inherent in international investing. Tryssen has decided to access the U .S . market by involving itself in an ADR program. Tryssen has decided to save itself a lot of trouble, however, by not complying with SEC registration and reporting requirements.
As an alternative to ADRs, investors interested in increasing their exposure to international investments can choose to acquire exchange traded funds (ETFs). Hagemann researches the advantages and disadvantages of ETFs.
Execution costs are always a concern, and perhaps even more so for international investors. At the present time, Tryssen AG is most concerned with how reliably it can estimate trading costs. As part of the cost estimation process, Hagemann is asked to provide a report on the advantages and disadvantages of techniques used to reduce execution costs.
Trysse AG proceeds to list on the Frankfurt exchange, and a U .S . affiliate of Hagemann's company starts to aggressively promote the stock. A U .S . investor buys 200 shares of Tryssen at a price of 20 per share. At time of purchase, the exchange rate is 1 = $1.15. One month later Tryssen pays a dividend of 0.25 per share, and investors are subject to a withholding tax of 20%. The U .S . investor is eligible to claim a tax credit of $0.06 per share. At the time the dividend was paid, the shares had jumped to 24 each and the U .S . dollar had weakened to 1 = $ 1.20. The shares were sold just after the dividend was paid.
Which of the following best describes a comparative advantage of a price-driven system over an order-driven system?

Matthew Emery, CFA, is responsible for analyzing companies in the retail industry. He is currently reviewing the status of Ferguson Department Stores, Inc. (FDS). FDS has recently gone through extensive restructuring in the wake of a slowdown in the economy that has made retailing particularly challenging. As part of his analysis, Emery has gathered information from a number of sources.
Ferguson Department Stores, Inc.
FDS went public in 1969 following a major acquisition, and the Ferguson name quickly became one of the most recognized in retailing. Ferguson had been successful through most of its first 30 years in business and has prided itself on being the one-stop shopping destination for consumers living on the West Coast of the United States. Recently, FDS began to experience both top and bottom line difficulties due to increased competition from specialty retailers who could operate more efficiently and offer a wider range of products in a focused retailing sector. When the company's main bank reduced FDS's line of credit, a serious working capital crisis ensued, and the company was forced to issue additional equity in an effort to overcome the problem. FDS has a cost of capital of 10% and a required rate of return on equity of 12%. Dividends are growing at a rate of 8%, but the growth rate is expected to decline linearly over the next six years to a long-term growth rate of 4%. The company recently paid an annual dividend of $1.

Emily De Jong, CFA, works for Charles & Williams Associates, a medium-sized investment firm operating in the northeastern United States. Emily is responsible for producing financial reports to use as tools to attract new clients. It is now early in 2009, and Emily is reviewing information for O'Connor Textiles and finalizing a report that will be used for an important presentation to a potential investor at the end of the week.
Following an acquisition of a major competitor in 1992, O'Connor went public in 1993 and paid its first dividend in 1999. Dividends are paid at the end of the year. After 2008, dividends are expected to grow for three years at 11%: $2.13 in 2009, $2.36 in 2010, and $2.63 in 2011. The average of the arithmetic and compound growth rates are given in Exhibit 1. Dividends are then expected to settle down to a long-term growth rate of 4%. O'Connor's current share price of $70 is expected to rise to $72.92 by the end of the year according to the consensus of analysts' forecasts.