Question 1

SCENARIO

Please use the following to answer the next question: TripBliss Inc. is a travel service company which has lost substantial revenue over the last few years. Their new manager, Oliver, suspects that this is partly due to the company's outdated website. After doing some research, he meets with a sales representative from the up-and-coming IT company Techiva, hoping that they can design a new, cutting-edge website for TripBliss Inc.'s foundering business.

During negotiations, a Techiva representative describes a plan for gathering more customer information through detailed questionnaires, which could be used to tailor their preferences to specific travel destinations. TripBliss Inc. can choose any number of data categories — age, income, ethnicity — that would help them best accomplish their goals. Oliver loves this idea, but would also like to have some way of gauging how successful this approach is, especially since the questionnaires will require customers to provide explicit consent to having their data collected. The Techiva representative suggests that they also run a program to analyze the new website's traffic, in order to get a better understanding of how customers are using it. He explains his plan to place a number of cookies on customer devices.

The cookies will allow the company to collect IP addresses and other information, such as the sites from which the customers came, how much time they spend on the TripBliss Inc. website, and which pages on the site they visit. All of this information will be compiled in log files, which Techiva will analyze by means of a special program. TripBliss Inc. would receive aggregate statistics to help them evaluate the website's effectiveness. Oliver enthusiastically engages Techiva for these services.

Techiva assigns the analytics portion of the project to longtime account manager Leon Santos. As is standard practice, Leon is given administrator rights to TripBliss Inc.'s website, and can authorize access to the log files gathered from it. Unfortunately for TripBliss Inc., however, Leon is taking on this new project at a time when his dissatisfaction with Techiva is at a high point. In order to take revenge for what he feels has been unfair treatment at the hands of the company, Leon asks his friend Fred, a hobby hacker, for help. Together they come up with the following plan:

Fred will hack into Techiva's system and copy their log files onto a USB stick. Despite his initial intention to send the USB to the press and to the data protection authority in order to denounce Techiva, Leon experiences a crisis of conscience and ends up reconsidering his plan. He decides instead to securely wipe all the data from the USB stick and inform his manager that the company's system of access control must be reconsidered.

If TripBliss Inc. decides not to report the incident to the supervisory authority, what would be their BEST defense?

Options :

A : The resulting obligation to notify data subjects would involve disproportionate effort.

B : The incident resulted from the actions of a third-party that were beyond their control.

C : The destruction of the stolen data makes any risk to the affected data subjects unlikely.

D : The sensitivity of the categories of data involved in the incident was not substantial enough.

Answer: B

Question 2

In addition to the European Commission, who can adopt standard contractual clauses, assuming that all required conditions are met?

Options :

A : Approved data controllers.

B : The Council of the European Union

C : National data protection authorities.

D : The European Data Protection Supervisor

Answer: A

Question 3

SCENARIO

Please use the following to answer the next question: Due to rapidly expanding workforce, Company A has decided to outsource its payroll function to Company B. Company B is an established payroll service provider with a sizable client base and a solid reputation in the industry.

Company B's payroll solution for Company A relies on the collection of time and attendance data obtained via a biometric entry system installed in each of Company A's factories. Company B won't hold any biometric data itself, but the related data will be uploaded to Company B's UK servers and used to provide the payroll service. Company B's live systems will contain the following information for each of Company A's employees:

• Name • Address

• Date of Birth • Payroll number

• National Insurance number

• Sick pay entitlement

• Maternity/paternity pay entitlement

• Holiday entitlement

• Pension and benefits contributions

• Trade union contributions

Jenny is the compliance officer at Company A. She first considers whether Company A needs to carry out a data protection impact assessment in relation to the new time and attendance system, but isn't sure whether or not this is required.

Jenny does know, however, that under the GDPR there must be a formal written agreement requiring Company B to use the time and attendance data only for the purpose of providing the payroll service, and to apply appropriate technical and organizational security measures for safeguarding the data. Jenny suggests that Company B obtain advice from its data protection officer. The company doesn't have a DPO but agrees, in the interest of finalizing the contract, to sign up for the provisions in full. Company A enters into the contract.

Weeks later, while still under contract with Company A, Company B embarks upon a separate project meant to enhance the functionality of its payroll service, and engages Company C to help. Company C agrees to extract all personal data from Company B's live systems in order to create a new database for Company B. This database will be stored in a test environment hosted on Company C's U.S. server. The two companies agree not to include any data processing provisions in their services agreement, as data is only being used for IT testing purposes.

Unfortunately, Company C's U.S. server is only protected by an outdated IT security system, and suffers a cyber security incident soon after Company C begins work on the project. As a result, data relating to Company A's employees is visible to anyone visiting Company C's website. Company A is unaware of this until Jenny receives a letter from the supervisory authority in connection with the investigation that ensues. As soon as Jenny is made aware of the breach, she notifies all affected employees.

Under the GDPR, which of Company B's actions would NOT be likely to trigger a potential enforcement action?

Options :

A : Their omission of data protection provisions in their contract with Company

B : Their failure to provide sufficient security safeguards to Company A-s data.

C : Their engagement of Company C to improve their payroll service.

D : Their decision to operate without a data protection officer.

Answer: C

Question 4

SCENARIO

Please use the following to answer the next question:

Sandy recently joined Market4U, an advertising technology company founded in 2016, as their VP of Privacy and Data Governance. Through her first initiative in conducting a data inventory, Sandy learned that Market4U maintains a list of 19 million global contacts that were collected throughout the course of Market4U's existence. Knowing the risk of having such a large amount of data, Sandy wanted to purge all contacts that were entered into Market4U's systems prior to May 2018, unless such contacts had a more recent interaction with Market4U content. However, Dan, the VP of Sales, informed Sandy that all of the contacts provide useful information regarding successful marketing campaigns and trends in industry verticals for Market4U's clients.

Dan also informed Sandy that he had wanted to focus on gaining more customers within the sports and entertainment industry. To assist with this behavior, Market4U's marketing team decided to add several new fields to Market4U's website forms, including forms for downloading white papers, creating accounts to participate in Market4U's forum, and attending events. Such fields include birth date and salary.

What should Sandy give as feedback to Dan and the marketing team regarding the new fields Dan wants to add to Market4U's forms?

Options :

A : Make all the fields optional.

B : Only request the information in brackets (i.e., age group and salary range).

C : Eliminate the fields, as they are not proportional to the services being offered.

D : Eliminate the fields as they are not necessary for the purposes of providing white papers or registration for events.

Answer: D

Question 5

SCENARIO -

Please use the following to answer the next question:

Gentle Hedgehog Inc. is a privately owned website design agency incorporated in Italy. The company has numerous remote workers in different EU countries. Recently, the management of Gentle Hedgehog noticed a decrease in productivity of their sales team, especially among remote workers. As a result, the company plans to implement a robust but privacy-friendly remote surveillance system to prevent absenteeism, reward top performers, and ensure the best quality of customer service when sales people are interacting with customers.

Gentle Hedgehog eventually hires Sauron Eye Inc., a Chinese vendor of employee surveillance software whose European headquarters is in Germany. Sauron Eye s software provides powerful remote-monitoring capabilities, including 24/7 access to computer cameras and microphones, screen captures, emails, website history, and keystrokes. Any device can be remotely monitored from a central server that is securely installed at Gentle Hedgehog headquarters. The monitoring is invisible by default; however, a so-called Transparent Mode, which regularly and conspicuously notifies all users about the monitoring and its precise scope, also exists. Additionally, the monitored employees are required to use a built-in verification technology involving facial recognition each time they log in.

All monitoring data, including the facial recognition data, is securely stored in Microsoft Azure cloud servers operated by Sauron Eye, which are physically located in France.

After fixing the privacy problems, how long may Gentle Hedgehog store the monitoring data, assuming that no valid data erasure request is received?

Options :

A : As long as required by the company’s legitimate interests.

B : As long as a concerned employee does not request erasure of the data.

C : As long as provided by the EDPB guidelines for remote employee monitoring.

D : As long as stated in the privacy policy that all employees must follow when processing personal data.

Answer: D