Scenario:Leute is a low-cost airline, headquartered in Wien, Austria. The company aims to offer passengers optimaloptions regarding its services and gain the lead role among other competitors in the airline industry. Recently,Leute experienced a major drop in revenue due to negative reviews from customers in various onlineplatforms. To increase its profit and enhance customer satisfaction, the company decided to expand its inflight services by offering entertainment, such as movies, audio books, and games, food for purchase ineconomy and full meals in premium cabins, and comforts, such as blankets and pillows. For theimplementation of this project and future projects of the airline, the CEO of Leute, Michaele Wagner, decidedto follow the guidelines of ISO 21502 on project management.Initially, Allison, the project manager, created a short document in which she justified and summarized allproject aspects, including: the nature and purpose of the project, the objectives of the project, key milestonesof the project and the time needed to complete the project, and the audience that the project targets.Afterward, Allison held a meeting with Michaele during which she presented this document and brieflyexplained each of its points. After a considerable amount of analysis and discussions, the project initiationwas approved by Michaele. In addition, a team of eighteen members was authorized to start with the projectactivities.While undertaking the project activities, Allison ensured that each work package takes longer than 8 hours,but less than 80 hours, so that they would be completed in 1 to 10 working days. In addition, during thisphase, several changes were made in the predefined aspects of the project, which were approved by NickTodd, the project sponsor. For instance, initially, the project delivery was set to be completed after sixmonths. However, considering how the project was implemented and the time required for the completion ofeach phase, the deadline for the project completion was postponed for another two months. These changeswere also reflected in the business case, which was updated accordingly.A month after the project execution began, Allison conducted an earned value analysis to measure theprogress of the project up to that stage. She measured how efficiently the work was being performed withregard to its budgeted cost, after which she concluded that it was going according to the plan. Moreover, sheorganized a meeting with relevant project stakeholders in order to communicate the progress report to them.Question:Allison prepared a short document in which she justified and summarized all project aspects. Which of thefollowing did Allison create in this case?

Scenario:Tricko is a clothing manufacturer headquartered in Milano, Italy. The company was founded in 2010 byMario, a famous Italian fashion designer. Over the last few years, the company has seen immense growth andnow has a chain of stores across multiple European cities. Following industry trends, the top management ofTricko concluded that the company should establish an online store. As such, they required Lily, anexperienced IT engineer, to develop a brief for this potential project. After several meetings and discussions,the top management approved the project brief and assigned Lily as the project manager. For this project, shewas instructed to use the guidelines of ISO 21502 on project management.Lily initiated the project by mobilizing the project team, which included four web developers, two networkengineers, and one systems analyst. In order to ensure that every team member is fully aware of their rolesand responsibilities, Lily developed team performance domains which would link each project activity withthe individuals responsible for undertaking it. She explained to the team members that it is important toclearly understand their roles and responsibilities, considering that the team composition cannot be reassessedor revised once the project plan is authorized to be executed. In addition, Lily defined in a document theproject’s contribution to the overall objectives of Tricko, which reflected the relevant project requirementsand their associated acceptance criteria.Following that, Lily worked with the project team to discuss project costs. She suggested the team initiallyestablish cost estimates only for the first phase of the project and then for the entire project. In addition, sherequired cost estimates to be expressed in currency valuations and in labor hours. One of the networkengineers suggested that each team member should provide an estimate, and then the team should reach anagreement for a joint estimate. On the other hand, one of the developers suggested establishing an estimate forthe costs after the closure of the project, such as advertising and promotion costs. Lily agreed with theirsuggestions and asked them to provide a total estimate as soon as possible.Based on the total estimate provided by the project team, Lily developed the project budget and created a listof project activities, divided them into smaller items, and assigned a budget for each item.Question:According to scenario 5, Lily defined in a document the project’s contribution to the overall objectives ofTricko, which reflected the relevant project requirements and their associated acceptance criteria. What didLily define in this case?

What does ISO 21502 provide? 

Scenario:Oakniture is a furniture manufacturer located in Bristol, England. It is known for its kitchen tables made outof different types of wood, such as chestnut, walnut, and oak. In early 2022, Lana, one of the seniorresearchers of the company, conducted a feasibility study to determine if there is a market for oak woodcoffee tables, which indicated that the demand for oak wood coffee tables is relatively high. As such, Lanaprepared a project brief and presented it to the top management of the company. The project brief includedinformation on the project context and project objectives. After several discussions, the top managementagreed that the project should be undertaken, but lastly, they asked Lana about the project duration. Lanaclaimed that the project duration cannot be determined and such information was not provided in the projectbrief; however, she added that the project duration will mainly depend on the competencies of the projectteam and on Oakniture’s suppliers of wood.Following that, the top management initiated the project and assigned Tom, the operations director, as theproject manager, and Lana as the project sponsor. To manage the project, they decided to use the guidelines ofISO 21502.Initially, Tom defined the governance and management framework alone, and then he mobilized the team andassigned the roles and responsibilities to each team member. In addition, Tom and the project team identifiedthe stakeholders and developed the project plan. To ensure effective management of each project phase, Tomused a work breakdown structure (WBS) to organize project activities. Tom presented the project activities inthe WBS by linking task dependencies and showing project milestones. In addition, Tom calculated theduration of each work package by determining the early start and early finish dates. Regarding therelationship between work packages, Tom required the project team to perform tasks in the predeterminedorder, regardless of any resource shortages they might experience.A week after the project implementation began, Tom collected and analyzed data regarding the progress ofthe project. To keep everyone up to date, he held a meeting with Lana and project stakeholders.Question:Tom asked the project team to perform tasks in the predetermined order, regardless of resource shortages.What rule did Tom follow in this case?

What is the purpose of the planning quality phase?