Question 1

In Ruby, which of the following literals correctly creates a Hash object with default values for undefined keys?

Options :

A : hash = { default: [] }

B : hash = Hash.new { |h, k| h[k] = [] }

C : hash = Hash[:default, 0]

D : hash = {}.default(0)

Answer: B

Question 2

In Ruby, the understanding of operators and their precedence is crucial for writing correct and efficient code. Consider the following Ruby code snippet:

a = 10b = 3result1 = a + b * 2result2 = (a + b) % 3result3 = a ** b / 2 Based on this code, which two of the following statements are true regarding the use of operators and their precedence?

Options :

A : result2 calculates the remainder of a + b divided by 3 due to the % operator.

B : result2 equals 1 because parentheses change the order of operations, prioritizing addition over modulo.

C : result1 equals 16 because addition (+) has a higher precedence than multiplication (*).

D : result3 results in 50 because division (/) has a higher precedence than exponentiation (**).

E : In result1, the multiplication (*) is performed before addition (+) due to operator precedence.

Answer: A,E

Question 3

Review the following Ruby code snippet:

def divide_numbers(x, y) x / yrescue ZeroDivisionError => e puts "Error: #{e.message}"end result1 = divide_numbers(10, 2)result2 = divide_numbers(10, 0)result3 = begin divide_numbers(10, '5') rescue TypeError => e "Caught: #{e.class}" endresult4 = divide_numbers(10, nil) rescue "Invalid operation" What will be the values of result1, result2, result3, and result4, respectively?

Options :

A : 5, nil, Caught: TypeError, Invalid operation

B : 5, Error: divided by 0, TypeError, TypeError

C : 5, ZeroDivisionError, Caught: TypeError, Invalid operation

D : 5, Error: divided by 0, Caught: TypeError, Invalid operation

Answer: D

Question 4

Examine the following Ruby code snippet:

a = 2

b = 3

c = '4'

result1 = a * b

result2 = a * c

result3 = c * b

result4 = c + a

Options :

A : 6, TypeError, '444', TypeError

B : 6, '24', '444', TypeError

C : 6, '6', '444', TypeError

D : 6, TypeError, TypeError, TypeError

Answer: B

Question 5

Review the following Ruby code snippet in the context of class inheritance and method access control:

class Product

def initialize(name, price)

@name = name

@price = price

end

private

def price

@price

end

class Electronic < Product

def discount_amount(discount_percentage)

price * discount_percentage / 100.0

end

def discounted_price(discount_percentage)

price - discount_amount(discount_percentage)

end

electronic_item = Electronic.new("Laptop", 1000)

result = electronic_item.discounted_price(20)

What will be the value of result?

Options :

A : 800

B : NoMethodError

C : 200

D : 1000

Answer: B