Question 1

Examine the following Ruby code snippet that utilizes refinements:

module LengthConversion refine String do def to_meters self.to_f / 3.281 end endend class MeasurementConverter using LengthConversion def convert_to_meters(length_in_feet) length_in_feet.to_meters endend converter = MeasurementConverter.newoutside_conversion = "10".to_meters result1 = converter.convert_to_meters("10")result2 = outside_conversion What will be the values of result1 and result2, respectively?

Options :

A : NoMethodError, NoMethodError

B : Approximately 3.048, Approximately 3.048

C : Approximately 3.048, NoMethodError

D : NoMethodError, Approximately 3.048

Answer: C

Question 2

Analyze the following Ruby code snippet in the context of class design and instance variable management:

class Book

attr_reader :title, :author

@@total_books = 0

def self.total_books

@@total_books

end

def initialize(title, author)

@title = title

@author = author

@@total_books += 1

end

class Library

attr_reader :books

def initialize

@books = []

end

def add_book(book)

@books << book

end

def total_books_in_library

@books.size

end

library = Library.new

library.add_book(Book.new("1984", "George Orwell"))

library.add_book(Book.new("To Kill a Mockingbird", "Harper Lee"))

result1 = Library.total_books

result2 = library.total_books_in_library

What will be the values of result1 and result2, respectively?

Options :

A : undefined method 'total_books' for Library:Class, undefined method 'total_books_in_library' for Library:Class

B : 2, undefined method 'total_books_in_library' for Library:Class

C : undefined method 'total_books' for Library:Class, 2

D : 2, 2

Answer: C

Question 3

Evaluate the following Ruby code snippet that involves the forwardable and date modules:

require 'forwardable'require 'date' class Project extend Forwardable def_delegators :@deadline, :month, :day attr_accessor :name attr_reader :deadline def initialize(name, deadline) @name = name @deadline = Date.parse(deadline) endend project = Project.new("Ruby Exam Prep", "2024-06-30")result1 = project.monthresult2 = project.dayproject.deadline = Date.parse("2024-07-15")result3 = project.month What will be the values of result1, result2, and result3, respectively?

Options :

A : 6, 30, 7

B : June, 30, 7

C : June, 30, July

D : 6, 30, 6

Answer: A

Question 4

In Ruby, the use of blocks is a fundamental concept for iterating over collections and executing code repeatedly. Examine the following Ruby code snippet:

numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]sum = 0numbers.each { |number| sum += number }doubled = numbers.map { |number| number * 2 } Based on this code, which two of the following statements are true regarding the use and functionality of blocks?

Options :

A : The each block creates a new array with each number in numbers incremented by 1.

B : Both each and map blocks modify the original numbers array.

C : The each block increments sum by each number in the numbers array, resulting in the sum of all elements.

D : The map block modifies the original numbers array to contain each number doubled.

E : The map block returns a new array with each number in numbers doubled, leaving the original array unchanged.

Answer: C,E

Question 5

Review the following Ruby code snippet in the context of class inheritance and method access control:

class Product

def initialize(name, price)

@name = name

@price = price

end

private

def price

@price

end

class Electronic < Product

def discount_amount(discount_percentage)

price * discount_percentage / 100.0

end

def discounted_price(discount_percentage)

price - discount_amount(discount_percentage)

end

electronic_item = Electronic.new("Laptop", 1000)

result = electronic_item.discounted_price(20)

What will be the value of result?

Options :

A : 800

B : NoMethodError

C : 200

D : 1000

Answer: B