The risk team at an agricultural company in Easter Europe evaluates crop yield production performance. The evaluation reveals high temperature and water shortages will likely harm crop production, and current company insurance will not mitigate this exposure. The team recommends increasing coverage by purchasing an additional insurance policy that includes area yield protection. According to the COSO ERM framework, which risk response strategy did the team recommend?

A climate analyst at a research institution analyzes climate risk for various companies. The analyst examines transmission channels of climate risk as part of the risk identification process. Which of the following examples can the analyst use to describe an operational risk transmission channel? 

After launching new large-scale sites for engine testing, a global automaker prepares a GHG inventory report according to the GHG Protocol. An analyst on the sustainability team gathers data for the assessment. The analyst identifies emissions from production processes, previously deemed irrelevant at the corporate level, now constitute over 25% of company aggregated GHG emissions across plant sites. Which GHG Protocol principle did the company analyst follow? 

A financial institution in an East African nation decides to issue its first green bond in international debt capital markets. To encourage executive board approval and funding for this action, the sustainability office describes the first successful sustainable debt issuance that helped launch the global market in green bonds. Which past bond issuance did the office describe?

An environmental agency for a southeast Asian nation increases funding to study historic climate change and its impacts. The agency funds a proposal for a scientific subject matter expert to conduct a large-scale study of the nation’s tree rings. What information will this study most likely reveal?